20/ago/07
Vimos algunos conceptos basicos que se utilizaran para calculo vectorial. como son:vector, cantidad escalar, cant. vectorial, campo vectorial,etc.
sábado, 8 de septiembre de 2007
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GLOSARIO
- CAMPO ELECTRICO: es una region del espacio perturbada por cargas en reposo.
- CAMPO VECTORIAL: es una construccion del calculo vectorial que asocia un punto en el espacio euclideano.
- CANTIDAD ESCALAR: es una cantidad que puede tener valor positivo, negativo o cero. ejemplo: la temperatura, masa, etc.
- CANTIDAD VECTORIAL: es una cantidad que contiene magnitud, direccion o sentido.(viene siendo el valor absoluto de una cantidad +). ejemplo: fuerza y aceleracion.
- CAPACITANCIA: es la capacidad que tienen los conductores eléctricos de poder admitir cargas cuando son sometidos a un potencial. Se define también, como la razón entre la magnitud de la carga (Q) en cualquiera de los conductores y la magnitud de la diferencia de potencial entre ellos (V).
- CARGA PUNTUAL: e una carga electrica hipotetica, de magnitud finita, contenida en un punto geometrico carente de toda dimension.
- CIRCUITOS MAGNETICOS: Es una estructura ferromagnética en la que existen fuerzas magnetomotrices, en la que circula de forma canalizada las líneas de fuerza.
- CONDUCTORES: son lo materiales o elementos que permiten que los atraviece el flujo de corriente o de cargas electricas en movimiento.
- COORDENADAS CILINDRICAS: definen la posicion de un punto del espacio mediante un angulo, una distancia respecto al eje y una altura en la direccion del eje.
- COORDENADAS EFERICAS: son las que se utilizan para determinar la posicion espacial de un punto mediante una distancia y dos angulos.
- COORDENAS CARTESIANAS: son un sistema de coordenadas formado por un eje en la recta,por dos ejes en el plano, tres en el espacio, mutuamente perpendiculares que se cortan en el origen.
- DENSIDAD DE FLUJO ELECTRICO:Esta magnitud vectorial tiene la misma dirección y sentido que el vector E y sus dimensiones son de carga/superficie y por lo tanto su unidad SI será 1 C/m2.
- DENSIDAD DE FLUJO MAGNETICO: Es el flujo magnético por unidad de área de una sección normal a la dirección del flujo
- DEXTROGIRO.-Cuerpo que se desvía hacia la derecha de una luz polarizada.
- DIAMAGNETICO: Es un material que puede repeler un campo magnético tanto el polo norte como el polo sur.
- DIFERENCIAL DE LINEA: son la suma de las aristas multiplicadas por el vector unitario.
- DIFERENCIAL DE POTENCIA: es una magnitud fisica que impulsa alos electrones a lo largo de un conductor .
- DIPOLO ELECTRICO: está formado por dos cargas, una positiva +Q y otra negativa -Q del mismo valor, que estan separadas por una distancia.
- DIPOLO MAGNETICO: Es una espira por la que circula corriente con dimensiones mucho más pequeñas que la distancia entre la espira y el punto de observación
- DIVERGENCIA EN UN CAMPO VECTORIAL: Es un campo escalar, y se define como el flujo del campo vectorial por unidad de volumen.
- DIVERGENCIA: quiere decir que parte de un punto comun y se va separando. la divergencia de un campo mide la tendencia de dicho campo vectorial a organizarse en o a converger hacia ciertos puntos.
- ENERGIA: es la que resulta de la existencia de una diferencia de potencial entre dos puntos, lo que permite establecer una corriente eléctrica entre ambos.
- ESFERA: es el lugar de los puntos que equidistan de otro punto que es el centro.
- FERROMAGNETISMO: Es un fenómeno físico en el que se produce ordenamiento magnético de todos los momentos magnéticos de una muestra, en la misma dirección y sentido.
- FINITO:que tiene fin.
- FLUJO ELECTRICO: es el numero de lineas de campo que pasan a traves de una superficie.
- FUERZA ELECTRICA: es directamente proporcional al producto de las cargas y inversamente proporcional al cuadrado de su direccion.
- FUERZA ELECTROMOTRIZ: Es toda causa capaz de mantener una diferencia de potencial entre dos puntos de un circuito abierto o de producir una corriente eléctrica en un circuito cerrado.
- FUERZA MAGNETICA: Es perpendicular al campo magnético.
- FUERZA: es todo aquello que puede producir una aceleracion. hay dos tipos de fuerzas la que se produce o a distancia y la otra por contacto. Como la gravedad que es una fuerza a distancia. las fuerzas siempre se producen en pares.
- GENERADORES: transforman energía mecánica en eléctrica.
- GRADIENTE: es un vector y el unico que al multiplicarlo por cualquier desplazamiento infinitesimal, da el diferencial del campo escalar.
- INDUCTOR: Es un componente pasivo, que puede almacenar energía en forma de campo magnético.
- INDUSCTANCIA: Es relación entre el flujo, y la intensidad.
- INFINITESIMAL:que tiende a cero.
- INFINITO: que no tiene fin.
- LAPLACIANO: Es un operador diferencial elíptico de segundo orden, denotado como Δ, relacionado con ciertos problemas de minimización de ciertas magnitudes sobre un cierto dominio.
- LEY DE AMPERE: Establece que la integral de línea de H a lo largo de un contorno cerrado es igual a la corriente neta que atraviesa la superficie limitada por el contorno.
- LEY DE BIOT- SAVART: Establece que el campo magnético diferencial dH generado por una corriente constate I que fluye a través de una longitud diferencial dl.
- LEY DE COULOMB: nos describe la interacción entre dos cargas eléctricas del mismo o de distinto signo.
- LEY DE FARADAY: Establece que se induce un voltaje entre las terminales de un espira si el flujo magnético que enlaza su superficie cambia con el tiempo.
- LEY DE LENZ: Establece que la corriente en la espira siempre circula en una dirección que se opone al cambio del flujo magnético Φt que la produjo.
- MAQUINAS ELECTRICAS: es un dispositivo que transforma la energía eléctrica en otra energía.
- MOMENTO DIPOLAR: es una magnitud fisica que mide como es la distribucion de un conjunto de cargas.
- MOMENTO MAGNETICO: A la cantidad m = NIA de la espita donde N es el numero de vueltas, I es intensidad y A es el área de la espira y es considerado como un vector m con dirección ň, donde ň es la normal a la superficie de la espira.
- MOTORES: TRANSFORMAN ENERGIA ELECTRICA EN MECANICA.
- ORTOGONAL: que es perpendicular, normal a un plano, es decir , se encuentra a 90º de este.
- PARAMAGNETISMO: Es la tendencia de los momentos magnéticos libres (espín u orbitales) a alinearse paralelamente a un campo magnético. Cuando no existe ningún campo magnético externo, estos momentos magnéticos están orientados al azar.
- RELUCTANCIA: Es la resistencia que éste posee al verse influenciado por un campo magnético.
- RENDIMIENTO: se define como la relación entre la potencia útil y la potencia absorbida expresado en %.
- ROTACIONAL: es un operador vectorial que muestra la tendencia de un campo vectorial a rotar al rededor de un punto.
- SOLENOIDE: A una bobina compuesta de múltiples vueltas de alambre enrollado en forma helicoidal alrededor de un núcleo cilíndrico.
- TRANSFORMADORES: conservan la forma de la energía pero transforman sus características
- VECTOR:Es un segmento de flecha que sirve para medir cantidades vectoriales. ejemplo: fuerza velociadad aceleracion.
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